{"activityType":null,"activityCategory":"Activity","completionTime":"60","cost":"\u00A3","energy":"Focusing","equipmentList":[{"id":0,"name":null,"description":"Four PET bottles (plastic bottles) ","type":"specific"},{"id":0,"name":null,"description":"Masking tape","type":"specific"},{"id":0,"name":null,"description":"Coloured paper, enough sheets to cover the bottles","type":"specific"},{"id":0,"name":null,"description":"Water","type":"specific"},{"id":0,"name":null,"description":"Digital, waterproof thermometers","type":"specific"},{"id":0,"name":null,"description":"Pen","type":"specific"},{"id":0,"name":null,"description":"Paper","type":"specific"}],"adjustments":"","firstProvidedBy":"","flexibilityStatement":"","groupSize":"Whole section","guide":null,"meetsRequirements":[{"notes":"\u003Cp\u003EExplore what energy is, and where it can come from. 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What might this experiment teach us about how colours affect temperature? The water in the bottles with the darker paper had the highest temperature.\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EHow could we use colours to control temperatures? If we were camping, how might we choose the colour of our tent? If we lived in a hot country, what colour should we paint our house? On a hot day, what colour t-shirt would keep us cooler? And how might the colour of our car or water bottle affect how warm they get?\u0026nbsp;\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003ELots of people paint their radiators white, but what colour might be better for keeping the heat in? 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Use \u003Ca href=\u0022https://www.nhs.uk/live-well/seasonal-health/sunscreen-and-sun-safety/\u0022 title=\u0022Sun safety (NHS)\u0022\u003ENHS sun safety guidance\u003C/a\u003E and our \u003Ca href=\u0022/volunteers/staying-safe-and-safeguarding/safety/safe-camping-residentials-and-outdoor-skills/hot-weather-and-summer-activity-advice/\u0022 title=\u0022Hot weather and Summer activity advice\u0022\u003Ehot weather\u003C/a\u003E guidance.\u003C/li\u003E\n\u003Cli\u003EMake sure to use child-safe, waterproof digital thermometers in this experiment.\u003C/li\u003E\n\u003C/ul\u003E\n\u003Ch3 class=\u0022MsoBodyText\u0022 style=\u0022margin-bottom: 12.0pt;\u0022\u003ERunning this activity\u003C/h3\u003E\n\u003Col\u003E\n\u003Cli\u003EGather everyone together and explain you\u2019ll be doing a science experiment to learn how colours can make something hotter or colder.\u003C/li\u003E\n\u003Cli\u003EExplain that colours can change how hot or cold something feels! The sun sends light in different colours and each colour has its own special wavelength. Some colours, such as red and orange, have longer wavelengths, while colours, such as blue and violet have shorter wavelengths. When light hits an object, the longer wavelengths are often absorbed better by dark colors, such as black. This means dark colours, such as black and dark blue, soak up more sunlight and make things hotter. Light colours, such as white, reflect the sunlight, helping them stay cooler.\u003C/li\u003E\n\u003Cli\u003ETell everyone that you\u2019re going to use four bottles of water and test how different colours can change the temperature of the water.\u003C/li\u003E\n\u003Cli\u003EIn small groups, fill four empty bottles with the same amount water.\u003C/li\u003E\n\u003Cli\u003EEach group should wrap coloured paper or card around their bottles, then secure them in place with masking tape. One bottle should be wrapped in black paper, one bottle in white paper and the other two bottles can be any two different colours that the group choose.\u003C/li\u003E\n\u003Cli\u003EWhen they\u2019ve wrapped the bottles, someone in each group should measure and write down the \u2018before\u2019 temperature of the water in each bottle.\u0026nbsp;\u003C/li\u003E\n\u003Cli\u003EAsk everyone what they think will happen to the water bottles. You can let a few people share their answers if they\u2019d like to.\u0026nbsp;\u003C/li\u003E\n\u003Cli\u003ENow, place all the bottles close together in direct sunlight. Make sure that each group\u2019s bottles are placed in the same area, so that they\u2019re exposed to the same amount of sunlight.\u003C/li\u003E\n\u003Cli\u003ENext, set a timer for 20 minutes. You could use this time to tidy up or to play a game.\u003C/li\u003E\n\u003Cli\u003EAfter 20 minutes has passed, each group should go their bottles and use a digital thermometer to measure the water temperature.. Write down the results next to the \u2018before\u2019 temperatures.\u003C/li\u003E\n\u003Cli\u003EWhen you\u2019ve got the results, move the bottles inside (or into a shaded area) and allow them to cool down.\u003C/li\u003E\n\u003Cli\u003EGather everyone back together and ask them what their results show. Darker surfaces absorb more energy (light and heat) than light surfaces, so the water in the bottle wrapped in black paper should have become hotter than the one with white paper, because the light bounces off the white paper, but is absorbed and changed into heat by the black paper.\u003C/li\u003E\n\u003Cli\u003EAsk everyone if they can think of anything else that might have made the bottles warmer or colder. For example, windy areas can cool down the bottles faster, while sheltered spots keep them warmer. Some other factors might be if any bottles were in shaded areas and the surfaces they were placed on. Dark surfaces, such as grey tarmac, get hotter than light-coloured surfaces. So, bottles on dark surfaces might have warmer water.\u003C/li\u003E\n\u003Cli\u003EAfter the bottles and water have cooled, remove the masking tape and paper, then recycle the paper. 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